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Classroom language

In the English classroom, using the second language consistently as the language of instruction may pose a considerable challenge to the pupils. This difficulty can be mitigated by the teacher by using particular language structures consistently. With time, children can attribute meaning to the set of words they hear once and again.

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Right below you will find some activities that encourage student participation and use of the language.

 

In the grid below you will find different language functions that the context of the classroom more often than not requires. It includes a short description and some examples of each of the language functions. In most of them, you can also read some ideas of how to use these language functions in short activities

Name sticks

This idea puts forward a time-saver method that randomly orders the students' names.

Use spinners to call on a number or a colour that small groups of students have been assigned to. The chosen group can respond

Students can pass a soft ball or a stuffed animal to contribute to the discussion and to  make sure everyone knows who has the floor.

Ask students to think about the answer to a question. When a coloured popsicle stick is picked, the student with the name on that stick needs to answer. He can ask for help.

Each student has his/her own baseball card. It contains a picture and relevant information about them. These can be chosen to randomly pick a name.

Computer generated names
Spinner system
Stuffed animal
Baseball cards

In retrospect...

The language that the children learn and use is a reflection of the language the teachers use in the classroom. Thus, it is very important for the teacher to pay attention to how she addresses the pupils, the words she uses and her tone.

 

In retrospect, I should say that this was a very generous and general list of language items. As much as I knew I would not even use half of all of these items, I did not think that I would actually use so few of them. In the classroom, the teacher is very busy making sure everything goes smoothly. A novice teacher myself I found difficulties figuring out my way inside the classroom, which left small room for me to focus on the list above.

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I felt confident with my vocabulary in English, and I did not felt the need to plan for specific vocabulary lists. However, I realised that not having some guidelines to stick to made it difficult for me to stick to the specific items I wanted to have the students learn. In the future, I intend to use lists with the main vocabulary items of the session. These items can be explained to the pupils and used by them during that specific hour.

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The experiences with the teaching unit and the co-teaching activity were very different. The former, a series of 7 sessions, gave me more time to reinforce certain vocabulary items. Reflection on the previous sessions allowed me to make improvements in the following ones. I did use some of the Routine and Opening and Closing Session expressions. Because I struggled with classroom management and the activities were very hands-on, I did not have much time for end-of-session recaps. I must admit there was not much paraphrasing or checking for understanding, but I did ask for translation at some points. As for feedback, I only stuck to the vocabulary for the positive bits. For classroom management I stuck to Class-yess! and Hands on top-everybody stop!. I consider that introducing more of them would only make things worse, especially considering the short period of time I was with them.

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In the case of the co-teaching, as I had the support of my partner teacher, I could pay attention to these elements while she was explaining. What is more, as they say, two heads are better than one. What I did not come up with, my partner did and vice versa. In the classroom we used rewards. Thus, it was very easy for us to catch their attention and manage the classroom. Rarely did we use any of the expressions above, as it was quite a complex and unusual session for the children.

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With regards to the language, one aspect that I place on top of my "teacher priorities" is to learn to use scaffolding effectively. A good use of scaffolding can truly help the children feel confident speaking their target language and gain tools to do so. I did not use it during my teaching unit, partly because there was very little group discussion, but mostly because I did not know how to introduce it. I saw how my co-teacher used it in her school, so together we tried to implement it during the co-teaching. When using it in class, however, we were too ambitious: there were too many sentences, and we expected the pupils to use it autonomously without much prior explanation. What was very clear to us, it was not so much to our pupils. Thus, they did not use it. Obvious as it may seem, it is absolutely essential to start small and go from there. Explain how to use it and introduce linguistic support little by little.

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